Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The Case Of Marbury V. Madison - 1753 Words

The judicial branch, in its conception as outlined in Article III of the constitution was designated the â€Å"power to interpret the law, determine the constitutionality of the law, and apply it to individual cases (The White House)†. However, since the ratification of the constitution, much like the other two branches of government, the judicial branch has also experienced an expanded delegation of authority and power. This notion is evidenced in the 1803 decision on the case of Marbury v. Madison where the Supreme Court asserted its power of judicial review by †blocking last-minute appointments by outgoing President John Adams (Chegg)† by declaring that these actions should not be permitted because the supreme court, under chief justice john Marshall declared them unconstitutional(Cornell). This set forth a very powerful precedent for judicial review, one that continues to play a critical role in political discourse today. Although the evolution of the judiciary commenced following the fallout of the 1803 decision, the courts have delegated to themselves a controversial role as policy-makers in response to societal demands and stresses placed upon the political system specifically during and after the civil rights movement that occurred in the United States during the 20th century. This expanded role into the realm of actual policy making is derived from the belief that the constitution is indeed a living and flexible document that must retain the capability for change. As theShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Marbury V. Madison1635 Words   |  7 PagesThe Constitution was founded in order to limit the power of the government and protect the rights American citizens. This proved true in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803), when the Supreme Court of the United States established its power of judicial review when it declared that Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional according to Article III of the Constitution. Consideri ng this, the Supreme Court’s decision to uphold an interpretation of the Constitution that aligns withRead MoreThe Case Of Marbury V. Madison854 Words   |  4 Pagesdecide whether a law or action is consistent with fundamental laws such as the Constitution. This paper will be exploring the history behind the paramount case of Marbury v. Madison, 1803 and its decision that established the power of Judicial Review, the importance and relevancy of Judicial Review in modern government through the case of Ladue v. Gilleo, 1994, and lastly the criticisms of the powers and duties behind Judicial Review. The intentions behind the judicial review sprouted from the disagreementsRead MoreThe Case Of Marbury V. Madison1601 Words   |  7 PagesIn the year 1803 the case of Marbury v. Madison was brought before the Supreme Court in order to address the issue of William Marbury’s appointment as federal circuit judge. This created a unique and complex challenge for the Supreme Court of the time because they were operating under no legal precedent, which meant that they had no prior cases to reference to reach a ruling. The issue came to a head after the Judiciary Act of 1801 allowed for President John Adams to appoint sixteen new circuit judgesRead MoreThe Case Marbury V. Madison1442 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the major results of the case Marbury v. Madison was this term called judicial review. Judicial review, today, is a task that the Judiciary Branch of the government performs on legislative acts that are passed to determine whether or not the acts are considered Constitutiona l. One of the biggest changes made not too long ago by the Judges in the Judiciary Branch, using judicial review, was the ruling that restricting same-sex marriage is considered unConstitutional and they made same-sex marriageRead MoreThe Case Of Marbury V. Madison Essay2171 Words   |  9 Pagessay what the constitution is, Congress has the power to grant or remove jurisdiction from any appellate case that is not considered original jurisdiction. The power the Supreme Court has today stems from the case of Marbury v. Madison: a hearing commonly known for the establishment of judicial review(PBS). Through this case the court under Chief Justice Marshall came to three conclusions: Marbury has the right to be commissioned as a Justice of the Peace, the court should be able to provide a writRead MoreMarbury V. Madison Case3462 Words   |  14 PagesMarbury v. Madison Marbury v. Madison was the case that was considered a landmark concerning judicial review in regards to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. What had taken place was that the President at the time had appointed a group of men to the positions for justices of the peace and for the District of Columbia, circuit judges, which included in the group, William Marbury. Later they were subsequently approved by the senate. After approval, President Adams signed the commissionsRead MoreThe Case Of Marbury V. Madison Essay2180 Words   |  9 Pagesor remove jurisdiction from any appellate matter that is not considered original jurisdiction. The power the Supreme Court has today stems from the case of Marbury v. Madison: a hearing commonly known for the establishment of judicial review (McBride). Through this case, the court under Chief Justice Marshall came to three conclusions: Marbury has the right to be commissioned as a Justice of the Peace, the court is able to provide a writ of mandamus under the Judiciary act of 1789, and the factRead MoreThe Case Of Marbury V. Madison940 Words   |  4 PagesJurisdiction over any cases involving this offense†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as to punishing individuals to three years in prison for the use, transport and/or to consume butter beer. To this, we refer to our Constitution that establishes matters that have original jurisdiction, Art. III S. 2 â€Å"The Judicial Power shall extend to all cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority†¦ In all other Cases before mentioned , theRead MoreThe Case Marbury V. Madison857 Words   |  4 PagesIn the early years of the Republic, states came often in front of the Supreme Court to resolve disputes of issue of the supremacy of the National Government. In 1803 the case Marbury v. Madison held that Congress cannot pass laws that are contrary to the Constitution, and it is the role of the Judicial System to interpret what the Constitution permits. The discrepancies between the Federal Government and the States occurred often, as the States were not happy to give up their power to the FederalRead MoreEssay on The Case of Marbury v. Madison973 Words   |  4 Pages The case of Marbury v. Madison centers on a case brought before the Supreme Court by William Marbury. Shortly after Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams in the election of 1800, Congress increased the number of circuit courts. Adams sought to fill these new vacancies with people who had Federalist backgrounds. To accomplish this, he used the powers granted under the Organic Act to issue appointments to 42 justices of the peace and 16 circuit court justices for the District of Columbia. Adams

Monday, December 23, 2019

What Are The Benefits Of International Trade - 976 Words

What are the benefits of international trade? International trade is the means to which other countries can use and enjoy other products from around the world. When a country becomes part of that trade agreement then they have the ability to leverage their goods to gain wealth and stability. As stated in the article by Economy Watch. Benefits of International trade. â€Å". The global trade can become one of the major contributors to the reduction of poverty.† There are a couple of scenarios that make international trade beneficial for a county. One would be if the country produces something that other countries have a hard time getting otherwise. Supply and demand essentially promotes a country to stardom in this international exchange. For instance, Brazil sells coffee. Although, other counties produce coffee such as Columbia, Brazil outsells coffee in comparison. As stated in the article Coffee Producing Countries, â€Å"Brazil grows roughly a third of the world s coffee.à ¢â‚¬  The other instance is if the production of goods can be kept at lower cost to production ratio. Those countries can still benefit even if they are not the only country with that good. Columbia, Costa Rica, and the Dominican Republic some of the other producers of the world’s coffee and can use this good to benefit their country from the sale and trade of it. From the article International Trade and the Economy states, â€Å"The process of importing and exporting creates a greater variety of goods and servicesShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Benefits Of International Trade?986 Words   |  4 PagesWhat are the benefits of international trade? International trade is the means to which other countries can use and enjoy other products from around the world. When a country becomes part of that trade agreement, then they have the ability to leverage their goods to gain wealth and stability. As stated in the article by Economy Watch. Benefits of International trade. â€Å"The global trade can become one of the major contributors to the reduction of poverty.† There are a couple of scenarios that makeRead MoreThe Impact Of International Trade Policy On New Zealand And Other Countries Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pages International trade policy is an important part of how the word does business and there is the underlying question about how it should be done and what part the government should play not just in New Zealand but around the world. New Zealand is a country that has great trade policies, these trade policies help create a great reputation for being free flowing and business friendly. Trade policy is defined as the laws around the exchange or goods between countries. In this essay, I will begin by discussingRead MoreThe Impact Of Foreign Policy On International Trade Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolvement of government in international trade, many people have posed their opinion about what the role of government should be in it. Different factors are involved when it comes to deciding what this should be. It impacts a lot of people, so in order to do that, trade policy must be properly defined, identify what the roles of government currently are, and their involvement in it, and the n analyse what should be their role. Trade policy is how a country carries out trade with other countries (CommercialRead MoreInternational Trade And The Global Marketplace1428 Words   |  6 Pagescountries are engaged to international trade in order to achieve economic growth, free trade agreement and financial liberalization has contributed to the opening up of world economies and resulted in more international trade. Countries use their comparative advantages to gain a positon in the global marketplace and achieve economic growth (Seyoum 2007). International trade is a critical resource of revenue earning for developing countries. However, the benefits realized from free trade are mostly enjoyedRead MoreEco/372 International Trade and Finance Speech Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Trade and Finance Speech International Trade and Finance Speech Foreign exchange rates and International trade are important aspects of economics. The United States macroeconomy’s health is determined by these concepts and their factors. International Trade Exports and imports are what encompass international trade balance. When there are more exports over imports a trade surplus happens and when there are more imports over exports a trade deficit happens. A country will acquireRead MoreImpact Of International Trade On The United States1294 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome a reality. International trade has enabled countries to exchange goods, services and capital across the border, enabling better opportunities for both producers and consumers. However, in recent years, the benefits of International trade have been questioned by many economists and business experts. There are no doubts that International trade has been a blessing for many countries around the world, but the question that remains unanswered is, how does International trade benefit the United StatesRead MoreBenefits And Harms Of International Education For Both Home And Host Countries1071 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Ninnes and Hellsten, the international movement of s tudent or academic staff between countries. It can be understood as the international link between nation states, governments or institutes to achieve better education program. (Ninnes P. Hellsten M. (eds.), Internationalizing Higher Education, 120-121). The International Education has grown strongly in Australia for the last few years. At the same time, it has a direct impact on Australia and home countries such as China. Based onRead MoreEssay about International Trade Simulation1416 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Trade Simulation Gina Caraiman University of Phoenix ECO 360 Kimberly Swaney March 5, 2007 International Trade Simulation Introduction This simulation will provide reasons for international trade and help me determine which countries to trade with, what products to import or export. Also, help with determining when to impose trade restrictions like: tariffs and quotas, and when to negotiate trade agreements. Overall, the story in this simulation has cast me in the role ofRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of International Trade1334 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom Japan. International trade has advantages and disadvantages for everyone involved. It wasn’t that long ago that the items we owned only came from within our own country. So why is it that international trade exists and what advantages does this bring to a developed country and what advantages does this bring to a developing country? International trade also has its downfalls. In the following assessment I will look at both the advantages and disadvantages of international trade and how weRead MoreInternational Business Club At Your School1154 Wor ds   |  5 Pagesbecome the president of the International Business Club at your school. You are trying to recruit new members and find many students do not recognise the importance of international business or the career opportunities available to them. You decide to give a presentation on this theme. Prepare a short presentation (150 words) in which you explain: a. what types of companies participate in international business, and b. possible career opportunities from studying international business. (5,3 marks)

Saturday, December 14, 2019

South Africa Brewers Ltd. Free Essays

By now it has become the second largest brewer by volume in the world. South Africa Breweries (SAB) has been in business for a century. The change in the political system in 1990 in South Africa, through the dissolution of apartheid, paved endless opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on South Africa Brewers Ltd. or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1994, SAB was invited to participate in joint ventures with Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Angloa to revitalize brewing industry – brewing 49 out of every 50 beers consumed in South Africa. They practically killed competition. (McQuade 2004) In 1993, SAB expanded to Hungary and bought Dreher which opened the doors to Europe because it subsequently established operations in Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Russia, Czech Republic. In the 90’s SAB likewise entered into operations in China. In 1999, it got itself listed back in the London Stock Exchange to raise capital for expansion. SAB expanded to Central America in 2001 – thus, that year saw SAB as the 5th largest brewer in the world and the fastest growing from 1996 to 2000 with brewing operations in 21 countries and an output of 77m hectoliters of beer. McQuade 2004) 1998 strategy was to maximize its 100 years of brewing experience in South Africa and develop beer markets in emerging economies by investing significantly in its core business. So, it commenced brewing operations in 5 African counties, 3 Chinese provinces, 4 Eastern European countries since 1995. Therefore, SAB continued to develop South Africa; invest for growth in the international business; pur sue incremental growth. Therefore since its global expansion in 1994 the trend in sales and profits grew steadily upward. SAB categorically indicted in 2002 that emerging markets is its forte. Finally in July 2002, SAB successfully acquired Miller Breweing Co. the 2nd biggest brewer in U. S. A. by paying Philip Morris US$3. 6 billion in stock of the merged company and SAB assumed the US$2 billion debt of Miller. (McQuade 2004) This merger was decried by some analysts because the rationalization of strong growth business is not true but it is just that SAB wants Miller as a mature cash cow. And the merger in totality is losing market share. True enough – the share dropped to 18. % in 2003 in London trading. So, aggressive reforms were adopted – considering they unknowingly awakened to the truth that Miller is such a badly managed company the dragged SAB with it. (McQuade 2004) 2004 Strategic Posiiton: By end 2003, the rest of the African markets gave 3. 2% growth. In China, the organic growth was 5. 7%. In India, the first full 2003 operation returned a breakeven. The home base market South Africa saw mixed fortunes as consumer spending became erratic. The seesaw of growth and downturn average 4% per annum. The North American US market went down 3. 7% from acquisition with its core brands losing market share. In Europe, exceptional profit growth showed 39%. Restructuring of the Central American business had to be undertaken due to depressed performance. SAB opted to continue the conversion of the company into a marketing focused enterprise with a strong portfolio of relevant brands in the region. (McQuade 2004) Therefore, SAB Miller opted that from 2004, they will adopt the following strategies to grow shareholder value thru: 1) driving volume and productivity ) optimizing and expanding existing positions through acquisitions 3) seeking value added opportunities to enhance position as a global brewer 4) growing brands in the international premium beer segment (McQuade 2004) Long Term Effect: From the result of 11% share growth for the financial year ending March 2003, there is still a big room to maneuver operational efficiency; strengthen regional brands and market positions; pursue ac quisitive growth; pursue real value for shareholders. Brand management will a crucial focus through an the intensified role of a Group Marketing Director. SAB believes that there are real opportunities to increase sales in growing international premium brands. (McQuade 2004) SAB is confident of its strong national and regional brands principally based on the mainstream segments of the market. The challenge further requires invigorating the said brands to sustainable health and position. With a all its brands stable and well positioned, SAB envision to sustain their continued growth befitting their prime position and prestige in the world’s brewing industry. (McQuade 2004) Recommendation: It is indeed a crystal clear given that South Africa Breweries Ltd and its century old experience and its established brands and prestige stands solid – in its base operations, South Africa and the African Continent. Its global venture in the decade of the 90’s still favored them with the opportunities. They savored the rewards from those first steps. It still saw a sustainable trend until it acquired Miller U. S. A. There are some hidden waves in its other global, emerging ventures in the sense that they only saw sustained growth in Europe and the African markets. China, India, Central America and U. S. A North America gave them the initial years of 2003, 2004 as dicey. True enough, it reckoned revitalizing brand management to be their stronghold focus. However, SAB and SAB Miller never mentioned anything in detail about inherent people management and operational management insights that will need a thorough study. What the case study reflected is that SAB brings in their technical and operational expertise into an acquired emerging market facility. They presumably likewise brought in â€Å"South African professionals† to handle management of an entirely foreign operation in an entirely foreign land. The first and foremost consideration in global business is the profound cultural analysis of â€Å"where one is stepping its foot in†. The story goes that St. Agustine consulted St. Ambrose during his visit in Milan in 387 AD as to whether he should fast on a Saturday or a Sunday – the famous saying was born: â€Å"when in Rome, do as the Romans do†. And knowing â€Å"how to do things the Roman way† will require thorough information and analysis and initial trial and error practice. Adopting and adapting to the local temperament and conditions is not just a matter of the ABC or 123 of their laws but more so of their norms and values. Managing share values of a company and brand strategy is beyond the arithmetic of the exercise. It is also appreciating that the workforce that will contribute to such share values and premium brand strategy require a most personalized and inherent approach. How to cite South Africa Brewers Ltd., Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Administrative Law for Judicial - Executive- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAdministrative Law for Judicial, Executive and Legislative. Answer: Introduction The fundamental law which presides over the Republic of Ireland is the Constitution of the nation. Based on the Irish Constitution, the basic rights of the Irish citizens are guaranteed, the non-executive president is elected, bicameral parliament, judicial review and separation of powers is carried out (Chubb, 2014). The doctrine of separation of powers dictates that the functions of the government have to be divided in three distinctive branches in order to carry out the work and functions of the government in a successful manner. These three branches are judicial, executive and legislative. Each of these branches has separate functions which are housed in the separate and independent organs of the government. Some of these theoretical notions form the backbone of the Constitution of Ireland, 1937 (Carolan, 2009). In the following parts, an attempt has been to analyse the separation of powers principle with regards to the case laws and constitutional provisions, in terms of this do ctrine determining the relations between the different organs of government in the nation. Irish Constitution Before a focus is made on the separation of power, there is a need to highlight that the Irish Constitution itself. At the top of the Irish Constitution is the non-executive President, who heads over the State and also has certain limited capacity for the independent initiatives and can be deemed as the Guardian of the Constitution (Morgan, 1988). Amongst the most important initiatives is that covered under Article 26 of the Irish Constitution whereby the non-executive President decides before signing any bill whether instead of signing this bill, there is a need to refer the same to the Supreme Court in order to test its constitutional validity. Where the same is held as unconstitutional, the bill is not transformed into the law (Cahillane, 2016). The Irish Constitution has two dominant features which is fused legislative and executive, whereby the executive has the control. The State exercises the executive power of the Government. As a form, the Government is elected and can be replaced or removed by the Dil, which is Parliament, i.e., the lower House of the Oireachtas. Though, in reality there is a strong party system, as the direction of the vote of the Dil deputy is not on the basis of the cogency or case of the Dil debate and instead is by the dictate of the party in whose colours the deputy won election. As a result of the democratic system for the deputys election, something it happens that no party gets the complete majority in Dil (O'Toole and Dooney, 2009). When such happens, the government rests on the constantly changing support of the smaller parties, or on the independents. However, this means that the vitality and potency is not given to the Dil in such situations as is present with the United States Congress, and is instead done to create a short-lived and precarious Government. Even though the Oireachtas is made the principal law making agency by the Constitution, nearly all of the laws as designed and drafted substantially by a department of the state before these are brought to the Oireachtas Houses for being discussed and for possible amendments (Cahillane and Hickey, 2017). Institutions of the State Under the Irish Constitution, the main institutions of the State have been established and described. The power of running the State has been divided in three different powers, as was stated in the introductory segment, i.e., the legislative, the executive and the judicial. The legislative power relates to the authority of making the law, by way of changing, introducing or removing legislation. Under Articles 15 to 27 of the Irish Constitution, this power has been given to the Oireachtas. This Oireachtas is formed of the President, Dil ireann, and Seanad ireann (MacCarthaigh, 2010). Article 15.2.1 of the Irish Constitution specifically provides the Oireachtas with the exclusive and the sole power of making the laws for the state and as a result of this article, no other legislative authority gets the law making power for the State (Londras and Mullally, 2017). The executive branch off the government has the role of carrying on the law to its effect. In other words, this branch executes or carries out the laws which have been drawn by the legislative branch. In this regard, the executive branch relies upon the civil services, the police and the military. Under Article 28 of the Irish Constitution, this power has been given to the government, which is the Tanaiste and the Taoiseach, along with the cabinet of Ministers (Citizens Information, 2015). Article 28.2 of the Irish Constitution gives the State the executive powers, which are deemed to b exercised by the Government or on their authority only. Hence, the government is deemed as the executive organ of the state and has been given the collective responsibility of the State and the Departments which the individual members of the Government administer (O'Donovan, 2015). The final branch is that of the judiciary where the judicial power is given to the courts and other judiciary bodies for interpreting and applying the laws to the conflicts and the disputes which are raised between the individuals and the state, along with the conflicts and disputes which are raised between the individuals. This power has been given to the courts through Articles 34 to 37 of the Irish Constitution. The Irish Constitution also provides the office, along with the role of the Attorney General, of the Council of State and of the Comptroller and Auditor General. It is also provided through the Irish Constitution regarding the local government and the manner in which the international relation issues are to be addressed. Article 34.1 of the Irish Constitution puts forward the requirement of justice to be administered through the courts on the basis of the laws which have been established. The justice has to be forwarded by the judges, who have been appointed as per the con stitutional provisions, save for such limited and special cases, as can be prescribed through the law, to be administered in the public (Figgis, 2017). In this regard, in the case of Maher v Attorney General [1973] IR 412, there was a refusal by the Supreme Court for removing the word from a part of the legislation, just so that the legislation could be deemed as constitutional. It was held by the Court that such an intrusion required lawmaking by the court, which would be a breach of separation of powers as granted through the Irish Constitution, as the law making power only lies with the Parliament. Another noteworthy case is that of Deaton v Attorney General [1963] IR 170 in which it was held by the court that a law which permitted the Revenue Commissioners to choose the kind of penalty which the tax offender would be facing, had to be deemed as unconstitutional and this was done by the court. The reason for declaring such choice as unconstitutional was that only the judges could be allowed to make this decision and the same could not be given to the executive branch in terms of the Revenue Commissioners (Jackson, 2017). Hence, both these cases saw that the doctrine of Separation of Powers is given supremacy, based on the Irish Constitution. And any kind of intrusion of one arm of government in another arm of government on the basis of authority of competency is not tolerated. Even though such matters reach the court, the Courts continue to protect their own functions, and at the same time, ensure that there is no countenance interference with the other two branches (Jackson, 2017). Conflict The constitutional lawyers often make a contention that the separation of powers is enshrined in the constitution and the same is frequently referred to by the judges. The design of the separation of power between the branches is such that it becomes very clear that the Constitution drafters wanted to present a very strong executive branch, unencumbered through the legislative branch. The legislative body is only a name, as all of the legislations, effectively comes from the executive branch. The power of the legislative is not separated and is also not very significant. When it comes to the judiciary, their independence is secured even when the members of the judiciary are elected by the executive, as the executive have no real manner in which they can influence the judges upon their appointment (Forde and Leonard, 2013). The separation of powers notion is stemmed from the presidential system in which the legislative branch makes the laws which are enacted by the executive and are e nforced by the judiciary. This is based on laws, which are difficult to change and are rigid, which is a constitution, through which it sets out the institutions which can act. Even though the parliamentary systems are less, they do exist (O'Malley, 2011). The problems are raised when there is a disagreement between the branches where they are required to act in a particular manner. It is often seen that the behaviour of the executive branch is censured in the court due to the courts stating that the executive acted in a manner, which was beyond their powers, i.e., it was ultra vires. There has been a quick assertion by the courts regarding the judicial functions and also the legislative and executive functions. Hence, the Oireachtas upbraided for the inquiry into the killing which took place in Abbeylara, of John Carty. In this case, the Houses of Oireachtas abandoned the inquiries even when they were deemed as a crucial took for the accountability in nearly the entire worldwide legislatures (O'Malley, 2011). There is a disagreement ultimately over the separation of powers where the judiciary gets to play the job of making a decision regarding who is right. This becomes problematic as the judiciary often becomes unwilling to interfere in the relationship between Dil and the government, for upholding the rights of Dil for holding the government to account as was seen in O'Malley v. An Ceann Comhairle [1997] 1 I.R. 427 (Smith, 2010). In the recent case of Doherty -v- Government of Ireland anor [2010] IEHC 369, it was presented by the High Court to not understand that there was a separation of power between the Dil and the government (Courts Service Ireland, 2010). Another problem is that it seems to be unfair when one institution holds all the power for adjudicating the disputes which takes place between them and the others. So, where a dispute takes place between the executive and the judiciary, the matter has to be solved by the judiciary and even the appeal to the decision has to be mad e to the judiciary. This does present the question of a possible redesigning of the constitution in the coming time, in order to deal with this particular anomaly (O'Malley, 2011). Conclusion On the basis of the discussion taken place in the proceeding parts, it becomes clear that the Irish Constitution is an effective instrument whereby the separation of powers is undertaken. The separation of power takes place when the powers of the State are divided into three different bodies, i.e., executive, legislative and judiciary. The different articles of the Constitution provide these separations, where the law making power is given to the legislative body, where the laws are executed by the executive body and in cases of dispute the matters are resolved by the judiciary body, based on the laws which have been drafted, in context of the execution of these drafted laws. Often such happens that a conflict is raised between the three bodies, where the matter is ultimately decided upon by the judiciary body. This does raise a question on the authenticity of the decision given as the executive and legislative branches have to rely solely on the judiciary to solve their issues, even when the judiciary is a party to the dispute. This dictates a necessity of changes being brought to the system, whereby this anomaly could be dealt with in an effective manner. So, even when the Irish Constitution brought out an effective separation of powers, there does remain a scope of improvement in this aspect. References Cahillane, L. (2016) Drafting the Irish Free State Constitution. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Cahillane, L., and Hickey, T. (2017) Judges, Politics and the Irish Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Carolan, E. (2009) The New Separation of Powers: A Theory for the Modern State. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chubb, B. (2014)The government and politics of Ireland. Oxon: Routledge. Citizens Information. (2015) Main institutions of the State. [Online] Citizens Information. Available from: https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/irish_constitution_1/main_institutions_of_the_state.html [Accessed on: 28/10/17] Courts Service Ireland. (2010) Doherty -v- Government of Ireland anor. [Online] Courts Service Ireland. Available from: https://www.courts.ie/Judgments.nsf/09859e7a3f34669680256ef3004a27de/baf3228928ac3b4b802577d0003fedb8?OpenDocument [Accessed on: 28/10/17] Figgis, D. (2017) The Irish Constitution. Russia: LitRes. Forde, M., and Leonard, D. (2013) Constitutional Law of Ireland. 3rd ed. West Sussex: Bloomsbury Professional. Jackson, J. (2017) The doctrine of the Separation of Powers constitutes the basic framework of the Irish Constitution. [Online] CPA Ireland. Available from: https://www.cpaireland.ie/docs/default-source/Students/Study-Support/F1-Business-Laws/the-doctrine-of-the-seperation-of-powers.pdf?sfvrsn=0 [Accessed on: 28/10/17] Londras, F.D., and Mullally, S. (2017) The Irish Yearbook of International Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing. MacCarthaigh, M. (2010) Briefing Document: Parliament and the Executive in Ireland. [Online] Constitution. Available from: https://www.constitution.ie/AttachmentDownload.ashx?mid=8bfb7136-1ac2-e211-a5a0-005056a32ee4 [Accessed on: 28/10/17] Moragn, D.G. (1988) The Separation of Powers in Ireland. St. Louis U. Pub. L. Rev, 7, pp. 257. O'Donovan, D. (2015) Executive Power And Fundamental Rights: Underexplored Constitutional Terrain?. [Online] Human Rights In Ireland. Available from: https://humanrights.ie/constitution-of-ireland/executive-power-and-fundamental-rights-underexplored-constitutional-terrain/ [Accessed on: 28/10/17] O'Malley, E. (2011) Separation of powers: What happens when the powers of state come into conflict?. [Online] Irish Political Forum. Available from: https://politicalreform.ie/2011/01/10/separation-of-powers-what-happens-when-the-powers-of-state-come-into-conflict/ [Accessed on: 28/10/17] O'Toole, J., and Dooney, S. (2009) Irish Government Today. 3rd ed. Dublin: Gill Macmillan Ltd. Smith, P. (2010) Deference under the Separation of Powers: An Increasingly Acceptable Trait Amongst the Irish Judiciary. [Online] Dublin Institute of Technology. Available from: https://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1044context=aaschssldis [Accessed on: 28/10/17]

Friday, November 29, 2019

101 Scene Analysis and Never Marry a Mexican Professor Ramos Blog

101 Scene Analysis and Never Marry a Mexican â€Å"Never Marry a Mexican† Quick Write Why did Cisneros write this story from the perspective of an adultress? What is the value in that? â€Å"Never Marry a Mexican† â€Å"Never Marry a Mexican† short story by Sandra Cisneros. Let’s break it down. Who are the characters? What themes do you notice? What point of view did the author use? What are some key scenes that stick out to you? Scene Analysis Pick a scene that you think is particularly memorable or important. You can pick one from whichever story you will be writing about. Draw a comic of the scene. Make sure to add text, or dialogue to the scene like a comic book. Now, describe the scene you drew in words. A picture is worth a thousand words. Explain the significance of the scene to your thesis or the story. Analysis Introduction In a literary analysis, the introduction is important because it needs to do some work. It needs to set up your argument, position, and prepare the reader for the work you are doing. Here are two examples from previous semester that do this well. How Clemencia’s Mother Ruined Her Love Life Look at how the author sets up their analysis. They don’t begin with I. They set up the topic, leading to their argument and thesis. Everything you need to know about the paper is in the introduction. Never Marry a Mexican: The Hidden Complexities of Clemencia This intro has a lot of work to do to set up the more complex argument that the author is making. They spend more time explaining so that the reader can follow along with the argument. It includes their position. Use any one of these as models to structure your introduction. Make sure to introduce your topic, explain your position, and provide a clear thesis. Never Marry a Mexican, The Movie We have discussed the story Never Marry a Mexican in class. Now, imagine that we are tasked with casting the movie version of the short story. Who would you pick to play the parts of the story? Make sure to explain why. The Cast: Clemencia Drew Megan Drew’s Son Ximena Clemencia’s Mom Clemencia’s Dad Come up with a cast for the movie. Pay special attention to Clemencia and Drew. Who would be perfect for the part? Why? Homework CISNEROS â€Å"There was a Man, There was a Woman† (133)

Monday, November 25, 2019

Free Essays on Definition Of Gothic Literature

Literature can take many forms. It can be presented in many genres and styles. It is a way of communicating different ideas and theories by way of putting them on paper. One of the many popular forms of literature is Gothic. Gothic is a style of literature usually dealing with characters that will not let go of their own obsessions. Using this definition, I will use three examples of Gothic literature that meet the criteria of this definition and describe how these examples exemplify Gothic literature. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a story of a man who takes a journey through the woods while encountering many misfortunes along the way before realizing he was dreaming in the end. The story shows a Gothic characteristic in the way the setting is portrayed. As Goodman Brown walks through the forest, it is portrayed as dark and gloomy and frightening, â€Å"He has taken a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through (Hawthorne 53).† The story deals mostly with Goodman Brown’s emotional state as he discovers his family, friends, and religious leaders are attending a Black Mass. Though reluctant to even go on his journey through the forest, Brown travels on to make these discoveries. His progress was halted numerous times by his indecision to go further. At one point on his way he halted in the forest with his emotions welling up, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown caught hold of a tree for support, being ready to sink down on the ground, faint and overburdened with the heavy sickness of his heart (Hawthorne 58).† Throughout the story, Goodman Brown dealt with his emotional state. Many times he thought his eyes and ears were playing tricks on him. One of them many examples of Goodman Brown becoming obsessed in the story was his whole traumatic encounter in the woods. What was Goodman Brown doing in the forest in the first place? It seems that Goodman Brown had an inter... Free Essays on Definition Of Gothic Literature Free Essays on Definition Of Gothic Literature Literature can take many forms. It can be presented in many genres and styles. It is a way of communicating different ideas and theories by way of putting them on paper. One of the many popular forms of literature is Gothic. Gothic is a style of literature usually dealing with characters that will not let go of their own obsessions. Using this definition, I will use three examples of Gothic literature that meet the criteria of this definition and describe how these examples exemplify Gothic literature. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a story of a man who takes a journey through the woods while encountering many misfortunes along the way before realizing he was dreaming in the end. The story shows a Gothic characteristic in the way the setting is portrayed. As Goodman Brown walks through the forest, it is portrayed as dark and gloomy and frightening, â€Å"He has taken a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through (Hawthorne 53).† The story deals mostly with Goodman Brown’s emotional state as he discovers his family, friends, and religious leaders are attending a Black Mass. Though reluctant to even go on his journey through the forest, Brown travels on to make these discoveries. His progress was halted numerous times by his indecision to go further. At one point on his way he halted in the forest with his emotions welling up, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown caught hold of a tree for support, being ready to sink down on the ground, faint and overburdened with the heavy sickness of his heart (Hawthorne 58).† Throughout the story, Goodman Brown dealt with his emotional state. Many times he thought his eyes and ears were playing tricks on him. One of them many examples of Goodman Brown becoming obsessed in the story was his whole traumatic encounter in the woods. What was Goodman Brown doing in the forest in the first place? It seems that Goodman Brown had an inter...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Suckwell Vacuum Cleaners, Ltd Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Suckwell Vacuum Cleaners, Ltd - Case Study Example Chipped paints happen during the assembly stage. Furthermore, the company experienced missing instructions during the final packaging and shipment. Also, missing serial numbers, broken switches and damaged insulation on main cable are identified as occurring problems in the finish product. Figure 1 summarizes the importance and difficulty to solve with regards to the identified problems. Inadequate suctions and damaged to insulation cable are the most difficult to solve and of high importance because the problems require downgrading of product and replacement of cable as a rectification. Units with suction problems are sold at half the price of a new unit but without Suckwell identity markings. Other problems such as missing instructions and broken switches are considered important but easy to solve because these can be corrected during the assembly stages as well as final inspection of finish products. Perforated bags and scratches on the plastic are also considered as important because they provide aesthetics to the product. On the other hand, missing serial number and paint chipped are categorized as problems of lesser importance because serial numbers are considered as additional information of the product for purposes of traceability while chipped paints can be prevented along the assembly line. The frequency and costs incurred with the problems identif... Sorting the problems identified in Figure 1, the Pareto analysis showed that scratches on the plastic body are the most recurring problem and incurs the highest cost of non-conformance. Thus, this paper will focus on solving the problem with regards to scratches. Figure 3 illustrates the Pareto analysis conducted on the problems identified. A Pareto Analysis requires the utilisation of a chart which is designed by Vilfredo Pareto which also follows the 80:20 rule. The analysis rates the problems according to importance, frequency and impact of the problem to the company. According to Pareto's rule, if a company prevents the cause of only 20% of the cause-effect pairs, they can reduce the number of defect incidents by 80% (Kemp, 2006). In other words, the company separates the vital few from the trivial many where the vital few are considered as the most important problems that need to be addressed (Reliability Analysis Center, 2004). Figure . Frequency and Costs of Non-conformances Problems Identified Frequency Cost of Non-conformance Cost to Rectify Complaints Annual Costs 1. Scratches on plastic body (SC) 340 1,360.00 70,720.00 2. Paint chipped (PC) 150 150.00 7,800.00 3. Perforated bag (PB) 130 130.00 650.00 7,410.00 4. Missing instructions (MI) 20 10.00 520.00 5. Broken switch (BS) 130 71.50 26,000.00 29,718.00 6. No serial number (NS) 12 3.60 187.20 Total Cost 782 1725.10 26,650.00 166,355.20 Figure . Pareto Analysis Cause and Effect Diagram As previously mentioned, the most important as well as part of the vital few problem is the scratches on the plastic body of the vacuum cleaners. Figure 4 is an Ishikawa diagram or a

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Part III for Personnel Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Part III for Personnel Management - Essay Example Thus, in all fairness it must be said Ford took an extremely irresponsible decision to generate short term gains while risking its goodwill. A rational customer would have never opted for a saving of $11 and agree for an unsafe fuel tank. An unsafe fuel tank is a permanent source of hazard. All statistics of rates of accidents per thousand motorists really do not make any sense as nobody can be sure that they would not be those unfortunate few that would have to suffer. It would truly have been similar to making air bags optional? If Ford would have told potential customers about the hazardous fuel tank then hardly any rational customer would have purchased that model. However, with deft advertisements and publicity the company could have projected the lurking dangers in such a favorable light that some of unsuspecting customers could have still opted for that model. The definition of criminal homicide is ‘willful (non-negligent) killing of one human being by another’ (Justia.com 2010). Though Ford was aware of the fragile fuel tank in Pinto and did not make any attempt to modify it, still the company should not have been guilty of criminal homicide as it did not specifically make the fuel tank unsafe with the express intention of burning three sisters to their death. Further, traffic fatalities are, as a rule, not classified as criminal homicide even if there is some fault with the manufacturer in producing the output. The manufacturer would, however, have to face punitive fines for their negligence in failing to adequately address safety concerns in their product. Ford was handed down a punitive fine of $3.5 million and had to pay an additional $3 million in compensatory damages in Richard Grimshaw case but in none of the incidents could Ford be held guilty of criminal homicide. Esteem needs that consist of recognition, attention, social status, accomplishment and self respect are entirely a matter of the mind that can

Monday, November 18, 2019

Iconology, Image, art and people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Iconology, Image, art and people - Essay Example As such, it is well known and universally accepted that art has played a profound role in shaping the modern society as it is today and continues to assert its influence. In the most earliest times, the expression through art was very primitive. Our ancient forefathers used to carve murals depicting scenes such as hunting and different wild animals by scratching out on rocks with the help of sharp and pointed stones. As man organized himself into an organized and civilize society, the mediums through which art began to be expressed started to take on numerous forms. It started to develop into a highly skillful and representational aspect of work and evolved into a study of its own. People now required to be highly trained in order to be able to produce pieces of art that could be considered as valuable to the society. As art evolved, it began to capture increasing aspects of our lives and the expression started to look increasingly expressive. it started to gain numerous perspectives in terms of anatomy, the kind of materials used, the combination of colors as well as in terms of the content. However, as newer movements began to rise over the centuries, they began to slowly deprive the expression of any meaning. Such social entropy was necessitated with the greed to make people happy. This required that true information be masked with content that seemed to depict something more appealing to the masses. The current paper aims to discuss the impacts of the history and evolution of art on society and aims to derive it further in the direction of Iconography, which is a broad domain of art history in its own sense. The next sections will discuss the growth and development in the interpretation of art over the ages and will discuss iconology and its evolution over the centuries. As has been mentioned above, the paper will attempt to discuss how we have come to

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Native Plant Selection And Plant Re Colonisation Environmental Sciences Essay

Native Plant Selection And Plant Re Colonisation Environmental Sciences Essay Currently, there are approximately 1,017 kilometres  of motorway in the Republic of Ireland with a view to possibly extending this to 1100 kilometres by 2015. (Wikipedia, 2011). Therefore, because of this vast sprawling motorway network which will possibly be extended throughout the country, I will seek to critically evaluate the vegetation suitable for this network with a view to sustaining the features of the local landscape and its surrounding habitat. The planting of trees and shrubs along a motorway provides important means screening for both the driver and passengers. In an urban area, a motorway can be lined with intrusive properties. Buildings or industrial estates can be unsightly while travelling along a motorway. Vegetation here has an important role to play here as they can help naturally mask these surrounding unsightly features. Trees or tall shrubs are a suitable screen for multi-storey houses or developments while small shrubs can be a suitable veil for lower single story buildings. Both of these do not only act as a screen but also function as important noise and wind barriers. (Department for Transport 1992, p.2/1) While it is important to provide adequate screening in built up areas through means of visual mitigation, this can be difficult to maintain year round as deciduous species lose their foliage in the winter months. This can be avoided when a mix of evergreen and deciduous species are planted. (Department for Transport 2004, p.5/17). On the other hand, overplanting on a motorway for screening can prove to be detrimental to the surrounding landscape. If the surrounding landscape is already particularly scenic, tall trees and dense shrubs can mask this. An example of this can be seen in the below image: The problem: M40, Oxfordshire When this planting matures an attractive view, in which the road is not a dominant element, will be lost. It might have been better either to have accepted the view or to have broken it up within intermittent planting (Department for Transport, 1992, p.2/2). Here, were are advised that that varied and intermittent planting is necessary because too much screening can lead to the view of the surrounding landscape and features being masked though the dense shield of greenery once it matures. This would be especially the case of evergreen woodland species which would block the view in all seasons and grow taller than some deciduous trees or shrubs. Therefore, we are already discovering that planting of plant species along a motorway involves specific planning whereby the natural surrounding landscape is not deprived of its features. It is also important to note also that woodland planting would normally take place on a wide cutting where trees would be clear of overhead cables and important signs or structures. The variety of species selected should reflect the local landscape while not overly shielding it. (Department for Transport, 2004, pp.5/17-5/18). This above measure of selecting variegated species is also important for the driver and their personal experience with their surroundings along the road corridor. The National Roads Authority (2006, p.24)  highlight the importance of driver fatigue in the planning of landscaping along motorway as the frequent use of a single or few relatively large treatments along a road corridor can become repetitive, leading to a loss of perceived naturalness, and may contribute to driver monotony and fatigue. They note how it is important to have a variation in the vegetation along the motorway particularly at high speeds of up to 120 km/h. It therefore should be considered to avoid a single species of high canopy trees or woodland species in an area of an attractive featured landscape. Ilex aquilfolium Holly The evergreen holly is a native species which forms the shrub layer in some of our oldest woods. It is another visually attractive small tree very suitable for gardens as a specimen tree or as a hedge, slow growing and very dense. It is possible to take cuttings from holly. A small side shoot about 15 cm with the heel where it joins the main branch should be selected and grown in a suitable sand/loam mix. September is the best time to take cuttings, which are best grown under shelter. Seedlings or cuttings should be moved once they are well established (but under 20cm tall) and when the soil is warm (The Tree Council of Ireland, 2008, P.26)Instead, the natural landscape should be maintained and any vegetation planted should blend with the surroundings features and not conceal them. The woodland screening mix should therefore consist of local native species that reflect the local landscape. The National Roads Authority (2008, p.165) provide examples of woodland species that can be used to reflect the local landscape; Populus tremula (Aspen) Salicaceae  (family), Fraxinus excelsior (Ash) Oleaceae (family), Quercus robur (Oak) Fagaceae (family), Betula pendula (Birch) Betulaceae (family), Alnus glutinsosa (Alder) Betulaceae (family) and evergreen species such as; Ligustrum vulgare (Wild Privet) Oleaceae  (family), Ilex aquifolium (Holly) Aquifoliaceae (family)   and Ulex europaeus (Gorse) Fabaceae  (family). Populus tremula Aspen The one definitely native poplar is aspen (all other poplars may be assumed to be introduced, although the black poplar is still being argued about). Aspen will grow into a full sized tree. The leaves make a distinctive sound as they rattle gently in the wind, and they have a sweet smell in the spring. Poplars produce seeds on catkins, but also spread vegetatively by suckers i.e. new shoots growing up from the roots. It is easiest to propagate aspen by cutting through roots and transplanting a sucker (The Tree Council of Ireland, 2008, P.19) It is also important to note how existing native hedgerows and woodland species should be retained where possible and if are necessary to be removed during construction works, post motorway landscape planting should focus on the natural native species that existed so there is no impact on local vegetation and flora. This is of crucial importance to local wildlife and protected conservation species. An example of how post motorway construction planting is achieved is seen in the below image: (Department for Transport, 2004, P.5/46). Here we see how hedgerows are planted along the road corridor linking them in with existing hedgerows that exist in the surrounding fields. This provides important visual integration but also achieves benefits for the local wildlife as they have a corridor of vegetation to travel along. In the development of a natural habitat along motorways, hedgerows are of huge importance to wildlife conservation. Richard Nairn (2012) affirms that: new roadside plantings can create a woodland edge with tall canopy trees such as oak, ash or Scots pine set well back from the carriageway and a progressively lower fringe of small trees and understory plants closer to the road. This helps to replicate natural habitats which have been depleted in Ireland for several centuries. Therefore, if a motorway is developed along or nearby a woodland area, it would be necessary to replicate the planting of the natural locally occurring species for the benefit of blending it with the local surroundings. Good practice: M27, Hampshire A variety of species has been used. The numbers of individuals in each species group and the size of the clumps, are in keeping with the scale of the road. (Department for Transport, 1992, P.3/1). In the above examples we seed how a collection similar species are selected to naturally blend with the surroundings and we note the importance of how species are selected to grow naturally as they would occur within these surroundings. This not only benefits the visual interest but wildlife protection is highlighted. In addition to wildlife found on the wood woodland edge, the National Roads Authority have found that birds and bats fly higher above roads when crossing between existing woodland on either side of a road carriageway than when the motorway has lined hedgerows with a high or low wooded canopy. Moreover, although most motorways should be predominantly straight sections, if curved trees and shrubs should be set back to discourage wildlife crossing and improve visibility for motorway users. (National Roads Authority, 2006, p.28) Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Hawthorn or white thorn was planted in hedges throughout our countryside. Its sweet smelling May blossom is a feature in that month, and in autumn and winter the deep red haws colour the bare twigs. They are among the berries most favoured by birds. Only untrimmed hawthorn can flower and fruit freely, but hedges have to be cut to keep them stock proof. Hawthorn hedges may be trimmed regularly, or left for several years and then laid by cutting part way through the main stems and laying these horizontally through the hedge. Even old hawthorn hedges will regenerate if trunks are cut back to base and left to sprout again. Like many other shrubs, hawthorn also grows in woodland where there is enough light in open glades, along rides through the woodland, or along the edge. A single tree may be left in a field as a fairy thorn, especially where there maybe an archaeological site. (The Tree Council of Ireland, 2008, P.42)Shrubs add an important feature to the woodland edge planting. Shrubs not only benefit the environment ecologically but also aesthetically as they can function to soften the appearance of a woodland edge and provide form. Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn) Rosaceae  (family), vastly seen planted throughout Ireland is a good example of low growing motorway shrub that acts this way. Trees and shrubs can function to break the emphasis of the motorway corridor, soften hard motorways and barriers but intermittent planting also benefits biodiversity conservation rather than mass planting of non beneficial plant species. Also, the greater the variety of plant species, the greater the variety of wildlife which acts as vital nature reserve for them to travel along. The variation of high canopy trees and low canopy trees species along a motorway is of relevance to bird species as some prefer to nest at different levels: Chaffinches and Greenfinches like to nest well above ground level, while Wrens, Robins and Dunnocks are happier lower down. (Donegal County Council, 2004) In the creation of a woodland edge, Acer campestre (Field Maple) Sapindaceae (family) provides us with autumn colour when lined with shrubs through intermittent planting. The shrubs can also provide a beautiful array of flowers in spring and summer which are not only beneficial aesthetically but influence insect pollinators. Commencing with Blackthorn in April Hawthorn which is then followed by Gorse, Cherry, Plum, Crabapple, Rowan, Elder, Guelder Rose, Honeysuckle, Wild Rose and Bramble. After flowering, most of these plants reach their fruiting period all together, just when bird populations are at their highest, and all need the fruit and berry feast to build them up for the winter. (Donegal County Council, 2004) Ulex europaeus Gorse- Perhaps the best known and most widely distributed of our native shrubs, gorse is also known as whin or furze. There are two types, the common or European gorse, and the western or mountain gorse. The common gorse is a very suitable shrub component along the edge of new woodland, and also makes an excellent hedge. Gorse is well known for flowering almost all the year round, and its spiny leaves are evergreen. Gorse supports many insects and spiders, which in turn provide food for small birds, which may nest in the excellent shelter provided by these dense spiny bushes. It is often under-estimated as a wildlife resource. (The Tree Council of Ireland, 2008, P.40) Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle A climber rather than a shrub,honeysuckle is a common component of native deciduous woodlands. The heads of pink and golden trumpet shapedflowers have a powerful sweet scent attractive to moths,which take the nectar. Theflowers mature to bright red berries that are much enjoyed by birds such as coal tits. Honeysuckle may be grown on a fence or over dead timber, or up the wall of a building with the help of wire supports. It may be cut back and trimmed hard in a hedge without ill effects. Honeysuckle will grow from berries and also from cuttings. Best of all is to layer a branch i.e. peg it down into the soil while still attached to the parent plant it will sprout roots and may then be cut off and transplanted. (The Tree Council of Ireland, 2008, P.43) However, a major wildlife concern that should be noted along motorways with berry plants is that they can attract wildlife which can be dangerous at such close distances to fast moving traffic so careful planting and selection should be considered. An additional concern would be the planting of Gorse in areas that they prone to fires. The National Roads Authority (2006, pp.10-11) have a policy setting out the selection of native species of non native as they promote conservation of biodiversity and give the landscape a unique character of Irishness while also reducing the possibility of diseases from foreign non native plant species. Moreover, due to the small percentage of native plant species that remain in Ireland, it is important to encourage their use in landscaping of motorways and their encouraging the fauna protection via a symbiotic relationship. Native species have been proven to be more beneficial for wildlife as they have lived in equilibrium for thousands of years whereas wildlife has found it difficult to adapt to introduced non native plant species Moreover, when selecting species of trees to plant on motorways, it is important to understand that some trees are slow growing and although Oak is a native tree and provides important feeding station for insects, the length of time it takes to grow should be considered as faster growing species such as ash may prove to be more beneficial on a larger scale planting along motorways due to their considerable growth time difference. (Boylan, C. 2012) As we have seen, motorway planting involves trying to blend the new roads into their existing landscape. Another landscape planting that can take place to achieve this is grassland planting to match open green belt environment or more pastoral surroundings. The National Roads authority emphasise the importance here of sourcing indigenous seed and robust low-maintenance grassland treatments and While Red Clover may be included in the grass seed mix, incorporating aggressive leguminous species such as White Clover (common in many grass seed mixes) should be avoided, as these will facilitate an increase in soil fertility, thereby increasing maintenance inputs including the need for more frequent mowing (National Roads Authority, 2006, pp.79-81) On steep embankments, hydro seeding is used to spread grass and flower mix seed. However, with clay and sandstone present the soils will be lighter and the gradient cannot be too steep.Here the roots of plants form and important function in holding the structure of the embankment together. While Clover forms and important species in grassland seed mix that for form as a nitrogen fixer. (Hedgerowmobile, 2004) Grassland also has an important role in nature conservation and natural re colonisation of grassland species also hence the choice of indigenous seed sourcing. The images contrast the grasslands choices and their results. Rank, coarse grassland is typical of much highway land and stands out in marked contrast to the surrounding agricultural land, rather than blending with it Good practice: M6, Cumbria Apt use of low-maintenance grassland on the right soil conditions has ensured a fit to the landscape, as well as providing nature conservation interest (Department for Transport, 1992, p4/1) It is also important to note that in the development of an open grassland landscape along motorways, maintenance will be crucial. Scrub and noxious weeds an easily invade a grassland sward where wildlife have settled. It is important therefore to ensure that scrubs such as bramble, gorse, and hawthorn do not invade valuable grassland. (Department for Transport, 2004. p.5/12-13, p.5/31) Such scrubs form important wildlife habitats but it is necessary to ensure that the do not spread into other wildlife colonies. Careful planning and maintenance can ensure that this does not occur. As an alternative to scrub planting in this area, large canopy trees can function to break up the emphasis of mass planting and can provide form while also allowing more diversity for wildlife and provide a framed view for the driver on the road corridor. (Department for Transport, 2004. P5/31). Species of large canopy trees here could include Fraxinus excelsior (Ash), Quercus robur (Oak), Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine) and Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak). On the contrary, the central median of motorways is not of importance to wildlife protection and conservation. It functions more of a division between laneways but also can have aesthetic visual impact on the motorway user. Bulb planting here can be a beneficial means of achieving good visual quality while reducing the risk of this dangerous area becoming a habitat island. Considering the location, bulbs will be low maintenance and soften the opposing hard road surface. Moreover the National Roads Authority advise against the use of berry producing shrubs and plants due to their potential appealing nature to wildlife posing a risk to potential wildlife considering their closeness to fast moving vehicles and machinery. (National Roads Authority, 2006, pp.55-56) As an alternative, examples of shrubs that could be planted along the central median include Corylus avellana (Hazel) and Salix spp (Willow) as they do not grow to great heights or width so less thinning would be required in maintaining them. (Department for Transport, 2004, p.5/28) Salix spp Willow- There are several varieties of willow native to Ireland. All grow in damp soil, have catkins or pussy willows that produce seeds, but are most easily grown from cuttings, which root very readily. The most widespread willow species are the goat willow, the rusty or grey willow (both known as sallies), and the eared willow. While these generally grow on damp ground, the goat willow will also colonise rough and disturbed ground in drier areas. Willow establishes easily by wind blown seed and can also be propagated by taking cuttings approx 8 inches long from stems between half an inch and one and a half inches during dormancy, which are simply pushed into the soil to a depth of 4 inches max. (The Tree Council of Ireland, 2008, p.31) Therefore to conclude, we can see that vegetation on motorways provides us with an opportunity to replace important habitats for wildlife and also provides us with the task of integrating the motorway into the existing landscape where a mix of local native species provides visual interest while also benefiting wildlife biodiversity. Motorways can be a major geographic feature of the landscape if properly maintained and if the suitable vegetation is selected when created these corridors for both wildlife and road users while they continue on their journey. Word Count 3163

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Fight Club review Essay -- essays research papers

Fight Club Review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie that is being reviewed and analyzed is Fight Club, which stars Brad Pitt and Edward Norton. Fight Club is in a genre on its own, but falls into the categories of action and mystery. We will be looking at the subdivisions of plot, character, setting, and focus. By analyzing these points of the movie we can see why Fight Club belongs to the certain genre it is placed in. The movie starts off where one the characters is held at gun point. Of course we all wonder how he got there, so the narrator takes us back to where it all starts. We meet an unnamed character who has insomnia. We learn about his life and that he lives a pretty decent life. Of course, we would not have a movie if our main character was content with his life. There needs to be more conflict. Due to his insomnia, he takes up going to support groups that help people in need (i.e. men with testicular cancer, alcoholics, and dying people). He soon notices a lady named Marla Singer who is showing up at the same support groups he goes to even the one for testicular cancer. He catches onto her game simply because she shows up there. Later on he is on a business flight and meets another character named Tyler Durden who is very interesting. Our noname character gets home to find that someone has blown-up his condo, so he decides to call his â€Å"single serving friend† from the plane ri de. The two live together and form a quick bond. They start a â€Å"fight club† where men can escape the real world. It is a very secretive club â€Å"The first rule of fight club is we do not talk about fight club†. As the movie goes on, the club becomes more of a cult and the tasks that they have to complete become more difficult and more dangerous. Soon we learn that our noname character has an alter-ego and it is†¦Tyler Durden. Tyler Durden is everything he wants to be. Because he lives a so called respectable life he lets himself go through his alter-ego. All the mayhem that happens is all really because of him. Our â€Å"average Joe† is the cause of all the â€Å"fight clubs† across the nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the movie, the characters are planned out very well. The characters all fit together like pieces of a puzzle. The characters all go together because they all need each other in some way. Our â€Å"no name† character relates to us in some way, either because we... ... got out of hand. So everyone should let go and express the way they feel to an extent where they do not go insane. After analyzing the plot, characters, setting, and focus we can see how Fight Club falls into its own genre. It has everything to fit into the action and mystery categories. Most reviewers overall enjoyed the movie very much. Christopher Null gave the movie four out of five stars and said it was â€Å"perfection and a good memorable film†. Steven Rhodes also says it is a good film â€Å"It's the sort of film that will leave you exhausted but glad you came.† (http://www.imdb.com/Reviews/210/21041) However from a woman’s point of view the film was barbaric and violent, â€Å"it's socially irresponsible and repellent in its graphic depictions of extreme violence and brutality,† says Susan Granger. (http://www.speakers-podium.com/susangranger.) I, however, even though I am a female I enjoyed the film very much. It has become one of my favorite movies because I feel like I can relate to the topic very much because I wish I was just able to let go and do what I really want to do. Everyone has his or her own opinion of things so you should see the movie and see how you react to it.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Project management of a company Essay

With the current rapid development of various business. Market competition becomes more and more fierce. Hence, a specific business plan is crucial to help a business successfully achieve goals and become competitive. The aim of this report is to prepare a business plan for a business. Some parts will be analysed in detail below which include a description of the business, sales and marketing strategy and risk management plan. A famous interior designer, Mark, owns Master Furniture (MF) which is located countryside in Melbourne. The major function of MF is providing customized furniture. There are three options provided to customers by MF: buying the existing furniture without any changes, changing the design of existing furniture displayed in showrooms, and providing design plans by customers themselves. In the next five years, MF plans to develop its own ERP system and expand his business to open linkage shops around Victoria. The main marketing principle is that the entire efforts of a company should be directed towards customers needs. MF is positioned as a high quality retailer that offers a unique selling proposition. MF sets its business apart from others due to its unique feature of providing customized goods to its customers. Advertising and Promotion also necessary through a variety of channels in order to attract customers. These approaches include the Internet, newspaper, radio, television and tradeshows. Besides sales and marketing strategy, risk management plan is also a significant factor that cannot be neglected. Specific and deliberate risk management plan should be established in order to minimize the negative influences on the business development and better achieve business goal and objective. The risk management plan contains the following parts, identifying and recording the potential risks, classifying the identified risks and assessing impacts of risks and developing the risk mitigation strategy for each risk. Those identified risks are categorized into six groups, including customer risks, supplier risks, staff risks, competitor risks, product risks and financial risks. 2.Description of the product/service Master Furniture (MF) is a business planned to provide furniture design and sale services for both individual and companies who have special or unique furniture requirements. Goals of enterprise are to provide high-quality customized service that is reliable and convenient. Mark, the owner of Master Furniture, also is a famous interior designer and won many relevant international prizes. Mark praised free spirit as his operation concept, which also directly affects his design. Purposes of establishing this entity are expressing and disseminating his artistic concepts, as well as exchanging ideas with professors and hobbyists. Customers are on top and middle class of society, who have special requirements and enthusiasm for furniture designing are targeted customers. The primary market focuses on special groups, such as the blind, the elder and people who are passionately fond of designing personal furniture. The physical shop locates in the city of Melbourne. Therefore, the target market areas are the suburbs around Melbourne. The shop includes three showrooms, which divided into bedroom, living room and kitchen. Mark designs all furniture displayed in the shop. There also have one meeting room and one stock room, which store the art works and goods customers ordered. Initially, the major function of MF is providing customized furniture. There are three options provided to customers by MF: buying the existing furniture without any changes, changing the design of existing furniture displayed in showrooms, and providing design plans by customers themselves. For the first situation that customers buy furniture directly from the shop and without any change, MF provides discount in delivery service if customers do not want to pick up by themselves. For the second situation that customers want to change the size, color or materials of furniture based on the design of Mark, MF charges extra service fee. The extra service fees are based on the change of furniture. For example, MF charge extra 20% of the furniture price for changing color and extra 30% of price for changing size. In this case, MF provides the design drawing directly to customers in the shop or sent to customers by email. After customer confirm the design, especially in size and color then it will be sent to factory. For the last situation that designs are provided by customers, Mark may provide professional suggestions based on design, such as budget, drawbacks, and safety risks. After the negotiation between Mark and customers, the design drawing will send to the factory. MF owns a truck, which is able to provide delivery service to customers. For loyal customers who had transaction records in MF database, can enjoy discount delivery service as well as customers buy furniture directly from shop and do not have any change. On the other hand, customers also can pick up by themselves. All advertisements include leaflets, which displayed the new designed furniture and price, a phone number that potential and current customers can call to query the service. For the customers who want to change the design or designed by themselves, MF calls customers once their goods arrived in the shop. The background factory of MF is outsourced to Rojos furniture factory, which is located in the countryside of Melbourne. Once Mark confirms the design drawings and send to factory by email or fax, factory sends an invoice which includes due time of production, price, and quantity back to MF. In this period, MF will confirm the price with customers and then response factory. Factory will start to work after receiving the confirmation from MF. After factory completes the invoice and sends goods back to MF, MF will inform customers to decide whether they want to pick up by himself or herself or delivery furniture to home. MF has two full-time receptionists and one part-time driver. When customers step into the MF, the front desk receptionists, who understand Mark’s design concept completely and have excellent communication skills, will communicate with them and introduce products in the showroom to clients. If clients want to design furniture by themselves no matter completely self-design or partly design, they could make appointments with Mark to discuss. When customers decide to purchase, they need to pay whole amounts for existing products or deposit for new design products. Then receptionists will create account for clients in the MF customer information database, which can help customers get discounts for delivery service in next purchase. On the other hand, receptionists also need to confirm delivery information with customers, such as delivery address, time and payment method. Once clients confirm the delivery, it is the responsibility of receptionists to inform delivery information to the driver. The major responsibilities of driver are delivering and unloading products as well as receipts to customers. After customers signing for confirmation, the last mission of driver is bringing back confirmation of customers to MF. MF offers after-sale services to customers, such as maintenance, consultancy. In the next five years, MF will develop its own Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) system, which includes a website for advertisement Customer Relationship Management System. Moreover, Mark is planning to expand his business, which focusing on open Linkage shops around Victoria. In order to attract more clients, membership will be applied in MF system. Based on the expanding business, more staff is required for different purpose. There are several kinds of positions will available in MF: designers, receptionists, salesman, full time delivery drivers, and back officers. Moreover, as a famous designer, Mark will provide videos in shops to show his award-winning art works, and by this way to disseminate his design concept and let more people know about furniture art. 3.Sales and marketing strategy 3.1 SWOT Based on the goals of MF: build company image, gain competitive market share and refine logistic, productions and operational systems, SWOT analysis applied to in this subsection to analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The evaluation of the strategic process has to be done in order to conduct the SWOT analysis. Strength †¢In these recent years there is an increase in demand of furniture products that is modern and unique. These classifications make the house of the MF customers to be different from others. And the minimal design is used to express a maximum effect of the art used in the furniture; the arts used in minimal design mostly will be in the form of visual art and music. †¢The MF has the highly educated workers in the organization. The human resources used in both the outlet shop and the factory are skilled, capable of producing the design requested by the customer. †¢Diversity and ideas is the most important strength of the organization. This innovative idea makes us differ from our competitors. Integrating different ideas into a furniture product, that forms the critical success factors. †¢The furniture market has a big democratic market, where there is always a way to establish our organization and product information through the media. This also forms the strength of our organization. Weakness †¢The major part of the weakness lies in the stock control, which is inefficient. There are many cases where the stocks may be outdated. In some cases there may be insufficient stocks. And at sometimes the stocks would not be available on the time needed, sometime available more than what is needed. †¢Trust, forms the core of the business process. The materials that are supplied by the external organizations at sometimes create a lack of trust in them. As the furniture company is mainly dependent on external organization for the raw materials, lose their trust when the raw material is not good and when it is not supplied the time needed. †¢Master Furniture is known especially for its uniqueness in the product. When there is some situation where the organization has to share the knowledge with the other employees and external organization, the knowledge shared can be misused. These cases the organization has to take the risks. †¢The demand for the traditional structure of the furniture’s is decreasing rapidly. On the other hand new innovation and change in this industry has slow absorption. †¢Till a product is completed the quality of the product cannot be judged. Once the quality of the product fails a new product has to be created and the raw materials used cannot also be reused. As known for producing single furniture a large quantity of raw material has to be invested. Opportunities †¢Big potential is developing in the market sector for designing. As the main part of this business is designing as per requested by the customer, the minimal designs are creating new opportunities for these kind of design patterns in the market. †¢The labor cost can be reduced by outsourcing it to the other countries such as China. †¢There is a large scope in the research and development as the customers are looking forward for the uniqueness in the product they buy. So, research and development capability is high. †¢Hybrid solutions can be achieved by blending and balancing. This can be done using the effective production methods. †¢There is only a very little competition in the designing of the modern furniture’s. Threats †¢The major threat to be considered is that the cost of the raw materials, which is always showing upward trend in the rise of the prices. This causes the regular price fluctuation of the products produced. †¢The new ideas or methods that are used in the manufacturing of the product sometimes lead to uncertainties. The innovation in the product cannot be always successful. †¢The MF Company also has to hope with the fast changes and new inventions in the industry. When a new production method is introduced then there will be a change in the stock control. This will lead to a large fluctuation in stock control. 3.2 Marketing Strategy Customers are considered as core in any business. The companies manufacture goods according to the needs of its customers. They would like to increase their market share by beating their competitors through sales. One should have a proper business plan to achieve this. The company should know the likes and dislikes of its customers. Based on these factors it can build a business strategy that allows you to satisfy your customers. The two main marketing principles are: †¢The entire efforts of a company should be directed towards customers needs. †¢Profitable sales volume is more important than maximum sales volume. Positioning: Master furniture is positioned as high quality, moderate price retailer that offers unique customizes goods. As Master furniture provides special services to their customers their goods are positioned at high quality which lean towards higher prices. Their market positioning goals are accomplished through the following: †¢Appointing outstanding sales persons in Master furniture retail store who understand the customer needs. †¢Explaining their manufacturing capabilities and uniqueness through demonstrations. †¢To highlight their ability to customize and quality they should provide invitational sales. Unique Selling Proposition: A unique selling proposition is what your business stands for. It sets your business apart from others. Instead of attempting to be known for everything, businesses with a unique selling proposition stand for something specific, and it becomes what you’re known for. Master furniture sets its business apart from others due to its unique feature of providing customized goods to its customers. Price vs. Quality & Design: Master furniture maintains high quality & provides appealing customized design according to the customer needs at affordable prices. Advertising and Promotion: Master furniture will use different sources to communicate with their targeted market. Newspaper, local cable, billboards, pamphlets are different sources to attract customers. They use the electronic media to attract customers and explain their concept of customization. Their customers being the middle and high class in the society Master furniture uses radio and television to advertise. Posturing and vehicle writing methods can also be implemented to advertise. Master furniture uses media to advertise. These include: †¢Internet †¢Newspaper †¢Radio †¢Television †¢Tradeshows Internet: Advertising through the Internet is the best way to advertise these days. Social networking websites like Facebook are used for advertising. This would be the most effective advertising plot for Master furniture. Newspaper: Most people in Australia read newspaper. So for that reason Master furniture can use the most popular newspaper to advertise. Radio: Radio is also considered as a popular media item. Many people use it for audio entertainment. So Master furniture can also use radio as to advertise. Television: Television is the most popular media item. Every person in the country uses television for entertainment. Therefore Master furniture can use television to advertise. Tradeshows: The trades how is an excellent mechanism to stay connected with the market and network potential customers. Aside from sales promotion the trade shows offer you the ability to see your competition. Master furniture will attend the trade shows held every year and try to attain potential customers. 4.Risk management plan 4.1Purpose and Objectives Risk management plan is to identify and record the potential risks which may threaten the company and also assess identified risks and establishing risk mitigation strategies to mitigate negative impacts on achieving goals and objectives of the business. The purpose of the risk management plan is to describe all aspects of risk management, including: 1)Identifying and recording the potential risks; 2)Classifying the identified risks and assessing impacts of risks; 3)Developing the risk mitigation strategy for each risk; 4)Allocating responsibility; 4.2 Target Audience The target audience of the risk management plan includes: all employees of MF company and its customers and the supplier. 4.3 Risk strategy In order to minimize the negative influences on the business development, the risk management procedure is developed by considering both internal and external factors. The necessary steps are risk Identification, risk assessment and risk Mitigation. All identified risks are categorized into six groups, including Customer Risks, Supplier Risks, Staff Risks, Competitor Risks, Product Risks and Financial Risks. Identified risks are measured in terms of likelihood of occurrence and impacts. By combing the likelihood and impacts, the risk rating is identified to provide the priority of the risks, which would present a better perspective for risk management. The detail information is shown in Table 1below. Table 1 †¢L=Likelihood: 1=Unlikely; 2=Possible; 3= Very Likely †¢C=Impact: 1=Minor; 2=Moderate; 3= Major †¢R=Risk Rating: L=Low; M=Medium; E=Extreme #Risk NameRisk DescriptionConsequence RRisk MitigationResponsibility ACustomer Risks A.1The company highly relies on a small number of major customers Once the larger customers turn to other companies’ product, then the company’s profit will be affected in the short time.The company’s profit and cash flow will be affected in a period of time until finding the new customers to yield revenue.22M†¢Improving the customer satisfaction and keeping long-term relationship with valuable customer groups by regularly contacting them and continually providing the superior products and services. †¢Locking the existing customers and make them become larger customers. †¢Expanding the target customer groups and seeking new and profitable customers.†¢General Manager †¢Department Managers †¢Salesmen BSupplier Risks B.1Highly depends on one supplierOnce the existing supplier is not able to provide the products and services or produce the products to the company, then the company’s normal operations will be affected.The company’s normal operations will be affected because of the shortage of supply.33E†¢Seeking alternative suppliers who are able to provide the similar products and services to the company. †¢Locking the existing supplier by the long-term contracts and maintaining the relationship with the supplier regularly.†¢General Manager †¢Department Managers B.2Product delivery delay riskThe suppliers cannot produce the product and deliver products on time.The company will not deliver products for its customers on time and loss reputation and credibility.11L†¢Seeking alternative suppliers who are able to provide the similar products and services to the company. †¢Monitoring supply contract regularly and urging products delivery.†¢Department Managers †¢Salesman †¢Customer Service Manager CStaff Risks C.1The staff turnover riskSome employees are critical to the business success, such as they deal with the key supplier and larger customers. The company will be affected by staff turnover.Resulting in disruption of the business operation and hard to find the appropriate new staff. The company has to spend both time and money to train the new staff.22M†¢Implementing a strict personnel selection mechanism to find the right employees for the company. †¢Allocating more employees to key position and training employees for backup. †¢HR Manager †¢Department Managers C.2Employee face occupational health and safety(OH&S) risksBecause of the nature of the work, the employees, such as vehicle drivers and porters, would injure in the particular event.The company will be under the risk of fines or paying for injury or death of an employee.11L†¢Establishing appropriate OH&S policies. †¢Regularly maintain vehicles and advocating safe driving.†¢Employees DCompetitor Risks D.1Competitor riskCompetitors will pose a current or potential threat to the business, such as competitors may open the new business nearby or launch similar products with lower price in the market.The sales and revenue of the company will be affected.12L†¢Improving the relationships with large clients. †¢Investing money in developing new products and services. †¢Protecting intellectual property assets confidential and proprietary information, such as designs and copyright. †¢Continually monitoring competitors.†¢General Manager †¢Designer EProduct Risks E.1Large-scale product recall riskDue to product defect, the company has to recall all sold products.The company will huge losses in expense of reworking and the sales and reputation of the company will be affected in long term.13M†¢Monitoring the quality of the products and avoid the situation which would damage the company’s reputation. †¢Training employees.†¢General Manager †¢Salesman †¢Customer Service Manager E.2Copyright riskThe company’s copyright is violated.The sales and revenue of the company will be affected.13M†¢Establishing a copyright policy. †¢Protecting intellectual property assets confidential and proprietary information. †¢Signing a confidential agreement when contracting work out to third parties. †¢Getting copyright consultancy services.†¢General Manager †¢Designers †¢Department Managers FFinancial Risks F.1Liquidity riskThe company doesn’t have enough money to pay its debts.The company’s operation will be affected.22M†¢Managing and monitoring cash flow. †¢Carefully making financial decisions.†¢General Manager †¢Finance employees F.2Credit riskDue to the products and services sold on credit, the customers may be unable to pay the money back.Resulting in financial loss.12L†¢Checking customers’ credit status and signing terms an conditions of trade with customers.†¢Finance employees †¢Salesman 5.Conclusion From what mentioned above wo can get the conclusion that a business plan which includes several parts, a statement of the business, marketing strategy and risk management plan. Establishing a detailed business plan plays a significant role in operating the business and achieving their goals successfully. When setting a plan, the organization should particularly pay attention to risk management plan which can help the business reduce loss the risks result and operate in a smooth way.

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Political Theories of Locke and Hobbes essays

The Political Theories of Locke and Hobbes essays Political Theories of Locke and Hobbes John Locke influenced Western political thought immensely. He lived during the age of political upheaval, the Glorious Revolution. During this time, the Tories and the Whigs, Englands first two political parties, joined together to rid their country of the tyrannical James II and welcomed as their new co-rulers his daughter, Mary, and her Dutch husband, William. Locke witnessed these events from the Netherlands, where he had fled in 1683 because he foresaw the accession of the absolutist and Catholic-leaning James II. These events greatly influenced his political theories. Throughout his writings, Locke argued that people had the gift of reason. Locke thought they had the natural ability to govern themselves and to look after the well being of society. He wrote, The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which treats everyone equally. Reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind...that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health or possessions. Locke did not believe that God had chosen a group or family of people to rule countries. He rejected the Divine Right, which many kings and queens used to justify their right to rule. Instead, he argued that governments should only operate with the consent of the people they are governing. In this way, Locke supported democracy as a form of government. Locke wrote, We have learned from history we have reason to conclude that all peaceful beginnings of government have been laid in consent of the people. Governments were formed, according to Locke, to protect the right to life, the right to freedom, and the right to property. Their rights were absolute, belonging to all the people. Locke also believed that government power should be divided equally into three branches of government so that politicians will not face the ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Pablo Neruda’s United Fruit Company and Ode to the Americas Essay Example

Pablo Neruda’s United Fruit Company and Ode to the Americas Essay Example Pablo Neruda’s United Fruit Company and Ode to the Americas Essay Pablo Neruda’s United Fruit Company and Ode to the Americas Essay Pablo Neruda’s political poems are unlike his other poems because of his keen focus on social commitment and harsh realities of life. His language is simple and being a common man wrote for the common man. His work is greatly criticized because of his metaphorical references in his political poems unlike any other poems of his time. His political poem majorly intervenes the Neo-Imperialism in the US during the 19th century. He denigrates the corporation due to the greed experienced by Latin American people during that age. This essay focuses on the study of ‘United Fruit Company’ and ‘Ode to Americas’ political poems. Both the poems portray the major theme of economic and political greed in Latin America. This greed is impactful at a physical, mental and emotional scale. Pablo Neruda uses a metaphor to personify natural objects and objectify humans to illustrate physical and emotional state caused by greed. The ‘Ode of Americas’ divides itself into a tripartite structure where there is the past, present, and future. The opening stanza of the ode reveals the positive and tranquil past in Latin America. The speaker’s use of â€Å"pure Americas† shows Neruda’s strong feelings he has for his country. The word â€Å"intact† suggests that the imperialists had not scathed the country. The â€Å"ocean guarded† which kept it untouched. This is more or less a military metaphor. A dependency occurred between the people and nature is highlighted with the phrasesâ€Å"shapers of pitchers† and â€Å"workers of stone†. However â€Å"United Fruit Company†expresses at the start itself how greedy they were towards the Latin Americans. The phrase â€Å"Jehovah gave the world to Coca-Cola Inc., Anaconda, Ford Motors† metaphorically means God chose to give the earth to these corrupted corporations instead of the common native peopl e or maintaining equality. The people stand powerless and suffer due to God’s will. If nature is a creation of God